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Rainwater harvesting - overview
WISY vortex underground filter
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Rainwater harvesting, water re-utilisation and ecological sanitation – further developmentsIncreasing anthropogenic environmental noxious, the change of soil exploitation and the climate change show a risk to the availability of water resources. Also the insufficient water resources in the single countries, various states of sophistication, social aspects and in many areas the low standard or a not even excisting water and public sewage systems in different parts of the world are responsible for the mean supply of water. Experiences have shown that the water supply as well as the sewage water systems and clearings can not be treaten separately. Even Based on these facts different technical innovations for a lasting water resource management and sewage systems have been developed. Main aspects were the responsible commerce of water, which means a lower consumption and decrease of water contamination as well as a consistent partical flow management. Rainwater Harvesting – State of the TechnologySystems of rainwater harvesting were used all around the world with different technical efforts. Reservoirs and transport of water in mainly used in the agricultural area. The utilization of rainwater in the domestic area constantly increases. While in developing countries the rainwater in general is collected on a low-technical standard for domestic applications and on the regional level also as drinking water and for personal hygiene, in other countries the collection of rainwater, predominantly to the industrial countries, becomes a substitution of drinking water, which then will be used for various ranges of application as toilet flushing, washer and garden irrigation. The technology of the rainwater harvesting offers numerous products for different application cases and installation sizes. A wide range of products are manufactured and are offered in the mean time.
This installation is essentially based on 2 modules. The illustration shows a central rainwater system in a domestic area, combining a pump, a supplemental feed module and the system control unit. It also shows reservoir modul, which integrates the reservoir, quiescent supply, removal line, overflow and filter completely. Turning Rainwater into Drinking WaterWith water treatment systems as e.g. of Aqua Sure, The Netherlands rainwater can be proceeded into drinking water quality. Through the storage of rainwater and subsequent proceeding, these systems offer possibilities to construct public drinking water systems to smaller communities and villages or at least at the domestic area. These systems are mainly designed for regions, which do not dispose of a drinking water infrastructure. The following pictures show a water treat system, which works with the usual process of drinking water recycling as pre-infiltration, adsorption, ion exchange and disinfection. The tool is build up on a modulare basis an works on a 40 l/h capacity. This is equal to satisfy the daily supply of a family.
Whilst countries with sufficient water resources the supply with drinking water does not show the main problem, regions with less water resources rainwater these becomes an important aspect referring to the daily water supply. By using the new developed, dezentral Wasseraufbereitungsgeräten rainwater can be turned into drinking water.
Grey water-reuse – State of the TechnologyAn increasingly more important role is ascribed to the grey water reuse by the development of a sustainable water resource management. Water recycling in the domestic area is not basically new, but the comfort claims and the lifetime habits concerning water and body hygiene have strongly changed compared to the past times. The water-consumption has risen in this area definitely.
Ecological SanitationThe ecosan concepts is based on a consistent separation of partical flow. The recycling of nutrients taken from the sewage of domestic areas is most important. Analyses of partial flow show, that the nutrients are from the human excretions urine and faeces. For the further use of these nutrients special technologies are necessary to reduce and avoid the dilution of the partial flow. By the use of special sanitary systems as separation toilets, vakuum toilets and compost toilets the separation of the partial flow can be guaranteed. In an optimal case a complete recovery/retrieval of nutrients in the sewage water taken from the domestic area will happen. A further combination of systems for solids und also power generation under assistance of biogas reactors is also possible and have successful happened. Furter-oriented combinations of rainwater harvesting, grey water utilization and ecosan technologiesSytems of process water and rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling are already in use and proceeded in different countries. Similar systems are already in use for the ecosan technologies. It is recommendebal to avoid any kind of administrative restraints for the implementation and realisation of new and further oriented innovations in the denzentral It is also possible that in the sense of economical aspects and in view of an already excisting infrastructure, the combination with rainwater harvesting and grey water recyclingshoul be continued. For the development of the responsible treat with water in municipales in general, the elements of ecosan technologies as well as rainwater harvesting and water re-utilisation systems will become more and more important. The combination of both strategies will be a new task field referring to the planning, installation, operation and maintenance. Therefore further research projekts and modell test are required.
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